Introduction: Bam EARTHQUAKE has been one of the most catastrophic natural disasters as WHO advised to preparation against PTSD. This study was performed in first days after EARTHQUAKE in Tehran hospitals and central post-hospital care center of Baqiyatallah University.Methods: In an access sampling 100 survivors of disaster were interviewed for psychological complications.Results: 20 persons had only sadness, 22 had PTSD, 33 had depression, 11 had anxiety, 9 had depression and PTSD, and 5 had depression and anxiety.16% disclose use of opium.Conclusion: This study shows high frequency of psychological disorders in first days after EARTHQUAKE. Loss of first degree had significant correlation with psychological disorders (p 0.039).

Like an iceberg, only a small part of the socio-economic costs of an EARTHQUAKE disaster is visible. The hidden parts of this iceberg entail more risks and unpredictable and injurious effect. These can't include the collapse of the engine of visual economics activities various human and social damages and unemployment, that culminate in various social deviations and other subsequent damages.Number of casualties wounded and handicaps show only the apparent part of iceberg, showing serious part of disaster and can result in more cost but are not all of them. Out break of EARTHQUAKE in Iran is decisive and using the economic mechanism and instrument as well as planning, strategies and approaches are necessary for confronting such a disaster. Hard and deep damages of the BARN EARTHQUAKE, that was one of the most misfortunes in Iran and the world that mostly includes poverty unemployment and social problems are increasing, whereas policies and expedients, are all dispersed, non-deliberated and insufficient.Reconstruction in BARN is exclusively considered as a physical work rather than a socio-economic issue. The opinion and willing of the survivors neither taken into consideration nor merged with expert opinion. Priorities in term of cost classification are not determined.Despite Lake of financial shortages still there exists no efficient or sufficient crisis management planning strategies and resource allocation.

Objective(s): To explain effective factors on rescue operation in Bam disaster management. Methods: This was an interview-based study. A sample of 415 individuals from Bam was entered into the study.Results: BARN rescue actions were based on international rescue standards. The findings showed that the success of the rescue functions in BARN was related to factors such as, human agencies, social order and safety, organizational integration and some infrastructures facilities.Conclusion: Organizational coordination, safety in the damaged origin, community participation and some infrastructures facilities like electricity, fuel and etc. were important factors that contributed to the high quality rescue operation in Iran.

Introduction. Crush syndrome is the second common cause of mortality of post direct traumatic of debris affected by EARTHQUAKE. Acute renal failure secondary to crush syndrome is an incomparable acute renal failure that have surgical and internal complications and needs renal replacement therapy.Methods. This recent comprehensive study is a retrospective and prospective study. After admission of every patient, all the information were accomplished in the check lists that included demographic identifications, routine and special tests, complications, duration of being buried under the debris, initial fluid resuscitation, crush syndrome, ARF, and need to dialysis. These patients, who had ARF and crush syndrome, were separated from others with physical exam and lab data. The entire patients were carefully evaluated and treated at the time of admission to see if they had AFR, need to dialysis, response to treatment, cmplications and mortality. Some patients were being followed for 3 months. After collection of data, the data were analyzed with software of SPSS, T-student, X2 and logistic regression tests.Results. In this study, 818 stricken were evaluated. Mortality was 1.4% totally. 58 patients of entire stricken (7/09%) had crush syndrome, in these patients with crush syndrome, 36 patients (62.06%) had ARF that 16 patients (44.04%) , needed dialysis. 8 patients (22.22%) with ARF were died. Correlation between sex and crush syndrome was significant. (62.1% were women and 37.9% were men, P=0.0l) Likewise, correlation between sex and need to dialysis was significant. Mean hospitalization in both groups with ARF and without had significant difference. Average elapsed hours from pulling out of the debris to first fluid resuscitation had significant difference in both groups that had dialysis and not. (11.72 and 8.41 and p=0.002). Oliguric patients needed to dialysis more than non oliguric. (nearly 4 much times) and mortality of them was more (3 much times).Discussion. Because of intent and serious complications and high mortality of crush syndrome, immediate diagnosis and treatment of patients, will improve the results. In our study rate of overall mortality was lower beside to prior studies, likewise, need to dialysis was less.

Background and Objectives: Brith sex ratio could be affected by several factors such as stress due to natural disasters like EARTHQUAKE. This study was performed to determine the sex ratio and the perinatal outcomes after Bam EARTHQUAKE.Materials and Methods: This case-control study was designed in two sections for the evaluation of EARTHQUAKE effects on brith sex ratio and the perinatal outcomes. The case group in both sections consisted of 301 live births born 9 months after the EARTHQUAKE in Bam's maternity hospital. The control group consisted of all live births for the same period in the previous year in Bam. Regarding the perinatal outcomes' evaluation, due to the destruction of documents in the hospital after the EARTHQUAKE; second, control group consisted of mached pregnancies of Afzalipoor Hospital in Kerman. The data were analysed by X2 and t- test. Results: Birth sex-ratio increased after EARTHQUAKE and the difference was significant (OR=1.31, p<0.001). There were no significant differences in low birth weight and Apgar score between the two groups, but the number of preterm delivery in the case group increased significantly (OR=2.96, p<0.014). Conclusion: Results of this study, unexpectedly, showed that; sex-ratio after Bam EARTHQUAKE has increased, and also; EARTHQUAKE had no effect on birth weight and Apgar score. Since BARN EARTHQUAKE caused not only environmental, behavioral and social changes but also changes in the population, it seems that more investigations need to be conducted.

Considering this fact that natural disasters especially those ones that are followed by heavy damages and human loses demand an immediate interference and necessity of taking short term and long term steps to prevent socio-psychological damaging effects which are the consequences of such disasters.This research investigates the living conditions of BARN EARTHQUAKE survivals and their satisfaction of the supports and aids sent to the area after the EARTHQUAKE. This research which is done according to field method, tries to assess the living conditions of 363 family members (203 females and 160 males). Who are chosen with cluster sampling out of the total survivals of the EARTHQUAKE and lived in tents. The results were achieved by doing a survey that included a questionnaire divided into four parts A: anthropological characters B: conditions of living area. C: socio-mental conditions D: People comments about the aids and consisted of 6 questions relating to reconstructions of quake hit area local and other people management and the government sectors roles. The collected-data was analysed with statistical methods.According to the results most of the participants in this research are 21-30 years old whom married with high school education and housewives the vast majority of them were displeased with the lack of facilities such as drinking water food cooking equipments toilets detergents materials tent and sleeping equipments and their residing area. Most of them complained about the education and entertainment limitations or shortage so that most of them had no access to newspapers or books or training courses of any kind such as physical equipments and facilities. An increasing rate in behavioral-mental disorders after the quake and abusing narcotic drugs were among the findings too. All the findings mentioned in this research claim an immediate attention to the survivals and providing them with the basic living facilities such as educational and health ones and the most important of all job opportunities.

Iran because of its size, geographical location, and climatical diversity is among the most disastrous countries in the world. EARTHQUAKE, both on the economic devastation and loss of life, is the most devastating natural disaster. In the last 10 years, there have been about 950 EARTHQUAKEs in Iran and as a result 37,600 people were killed and 53,300 injured. These figure do not include casualties of BARN EARTHQUAKE. Crisis resulting from natural disasters, requires special management sy~tem.Disaster management system in Iran, because of encountering several natural disasters and a long-lasting recent war, has enough experience in this regard, specially in using nongovernmental emergency systems, such as Red Crescent and Basij. / However, in the past, disaster management were mainly limited to the rescue, saving lives and reconstructions after the disaster and other dimensions of crisis management including prevention (reducing the effect of disaster) and readiness to respond and quickness of response in an effective way and also an organized management seems to be lacked. In this paper, we will discuses the medical management in BARN EARTHQUAKE. Wewill discuss the management of the human resources, transportation of injured, equipment and medical care personnel and suggestions will be given to overcome some of the problems in the disaster management.

The present study is an applied research and statistical population consists of all the rural heads of household in areas stricken by EARTHQUAKE in BARN county, from which a sample size of 156 is selected by multi stage proportionate to size sampling method. The data is collected by a questionnaire and its reliability is analyzed by Cronbach's o. The results indicate significant and positive relationship between the levels of participation as dependent variable, and age, education, primary and secondary occupations, work experience, being a model farmer, membership in village council, income from agriculture, incentives, and village council activities. Also, the dependent variable has positive and significant relationship with damage extent, number of the family members lost in the EARTHQUAKE and the trust of EARTHQUAKE victims to those in charge of reconstruction.

This paper is devoted to seismotectonic of Bam region and surface refaulting associated with the destructive Bam EARTHQUAKE of 26 December 2003. The EARTHQUAKE with Magnitude 6. 7 Ms, shook Bam district, most of buildings were totally collapsed in Bam and surrounding villages and caused a lot of killed and injured people. From seismotectonic point of view, Bam located in a high active Zone involving a number of active faults. Bam fault is located in the extremely east-north part of this zone, which seems to be a tectonic tie. According to the macroseismic studies the causative source of the quake is Bam fault, which is a high angle fault and its trend is nearly N-S. The surface refaulting is about 9 kilometers long and the maximum residual strike slip displacement is 5 cm, which is left lateral. Bam city is situated on the west block of the fault and its distance to the fault zone is 1.5 km.

Background and Objectives: The most important goal of Blood Transfusion Organization is to provide and supply safe and sufficient blood. The awareness of blood transmitted infections prevalence in blood donors that in emergency conditions for example EARTHQUAKE blood were donated, be could indicator effectiveness of blood donors selection methods and generally education programs of Blood Transfusion Organization. This study was carried out to determine and comparison demographic characteristics, donation type and prevalence of blood transmitted viral infections in Qom blood donors during 48 hours after BARN EARTHQUAKE (5-6 Daymah, 1382) and other days of 1382 year.Materials and methods: In this Cross-sectional Retrospective study, the comprehensive data bank of Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization (IBTO) was used to collect the number of blood donors, donation type (first-time, repeat and regular), demographic characteristics (sex, age, marriage status, occupation and education level) and confirmated results of HBs-Ag, HCV-Ab and HIV-Ab tests of Qom blood donors that blood had donated during 1382 year (according to Iranian calendar). Data were analyzed by applying SPSS software and Chi-square statistical test.Results: Prevalence of HBV, HCV and HIV infections in Qom blood donors during 1382 year subtraction fifth and sixth days of Daymah the same year (26-27 December, 2003) were 1.06, 0.28 and 0.006 percent respectively; whereas, prevalence of HBV infection in blood donors of abovementioned two-days was 0.58 percent and none of blood donors weren't infected with HIV and HCV. The number of first-time and regular blood donors, married and self-employed during 48 hours after BARN EARTHQUAKE with significant statistical difference (P<0.05) were more in comparison with other days of 1382 year.